Objective: To evaluate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on neuronal apoptosis in rabbits with kaolin-induced syringomyelia.
Methods: Twenty-four of 30 Chinese white rabbits were subjected to injection of 25% kaolin mixed with equal volume (0.6 ml) of cerebrospinal fluid drawn from the cisterna magna under ketamine anesthesia. Twelve of these 24 rabbits then received intravenous injection of 5 ml of GBE (5 ml/days for 14 days, GBE treatment group) while the other 12 were treated with the same amount of saline administered in similar manner (saline group). The 6 rabbits without kaolin treatment received a sham operation to serve as the control group. At different time points after the operation, the rabbits were killed and the spinal cord samples examined by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Histologically, ischemia and edema in the cervical cord of rabbits in GBE treatment group were less severe than those in saline group. TUNEL-positive and bax-positive neurons were less numerous in GBE treatment group than in saline group, and the former group showed more Bcl-2-positive neurons. The number of apoptotic neurons reached the peak level on day 7 after kaolin injection.
Conclusion: GBE can ameliorate kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in the upper cervical cord and inhibit kaolin-induced neuron apoptosis.
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Toxicol Res (Camb)
January 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Mengzi, No. 89 Tianma Road, Mengzi, Yunnan Province 661100, China.
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Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
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Laboratory of Glycobiology, Department of Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, PAS, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
The origins and early evolution of animals are subjects with many outstanding questions. One problem faced by researchers trying to answer them is the absence of a comprehensive database with sequences from nonbilaterians. Publicly available data are plentiful but scattered and often not associated with proper metadata.
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