The objective of this study was to quantify the proliferation of existing vascular and perivascular cells during a specific form of microvascular remodeling characterized by increased coverage by smooth muscle cells (SMCs), in response to increased mechanical stress. Coordinated ligations of artery/vein pairs in the rat mesentery resulted in hemodynamic stress elevations within the targeted microvascular network. BRDU incorporation per unit length of smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin positive vessel was evaluated following ligation at 2, 5, and 10 days. At 2 days, BRDU incorporation was significantly increased for both sham and ligated treatments, but the ligated response was not elevated over the sham response. After 5 days, proliferation for both groups returned to unstimulated levels. The results indicate that moderate elevations in hemodynamic stress do not cause perivascular cell proliferation along rat mesenteric microvessels, therefore, the increased coverage of differentiated SMCs along the same microvessels does not involve proliferation of vascular or perivascular cells.
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