We performed a docking study followed by a 500-ps molecular dynamics simulation of R-state human adult hemoglobin (HbA) complexed to different heterotropic effectors [2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), and 2-[4-[(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamoyl)-]methyl]-phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid (RSR13)) to propose a molecular basis for recently reported interactions of effectors with oxygenated hemoglobin. The simulations were carried out with counterions and explicit solvation. As reported for T-state HbA, the effector binding sites are also located in the central cavity of the R-state and differ depending on effector anionic character. DPG and IHP bind between the alpha-subunits and the RSR13 site spans the alpha1-, alpha2- and beta2-subunits. The generated models provide the first report of the molecular details of R-state HbA bound to heterotropic effectors.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2004.12.033 | DOI Listing |
J Biol Chem
December 2023
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; FHMRI Cancer Program, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
Positive heterotropic cooperativity, or "activation," results in an instantaneous increase in enzyme activity in the absence of an increase in protein expression. Thus, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activation presents as a potential drug-drug interaction mechanism. It has been demonstrated previously that dapsone activates the CYP2C9-catalyzed oxidation of a number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Metab Dispos
October 2023
Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.
The current study was designed to investigate the influence of allosteric effectors on the metabolism of the prototypical cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 substrate midazolam (MDZ), and on the determination in vitro time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP3A4 using human liver microsomes (HLM). As the concentration of midazolam increased to 250 M in HLMs, homotropic cooperativity resulted in a decrease in the 1'-hydroxymidazolam to 4-hydroxymidazolam ratio to a maximum of 1.1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomolecules
November 2022
Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Allostery is a property of biological macromolecules featuring cooperative ligand binding and regulation of ligand affinity by effectors. The definition was introduced by Monod and Jacob in 1963, and formally developed as the "concerted model" by Monod, Wyman, and Changeux in 1965. Since its inception, this model of cooperativity was seen as distinct from and not reducible to the "sequential model" originally formulated by Pauling in 1935, which was developed further by Koshland, Nemethy, and Filmer in 1966.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Mol Biol
December 2022
The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics (CBT), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Electronic address:
EF-hand Ca-binding proteins (CBPs), such as S100 proteins (S100s) and calmodulin (CaM), are signaling proteins that undergo conformational changes upon increasing intracellular Ca. Upon binding Ca, S100 proteins and CaM interact with protein targets and induce important biological responses. The Ca-binding affinity of CaM and most S100s in the absence of target is weak (K > 1 μM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Inf Model
November 2022
Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the main P450 enzyme for drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), as it is involved in the metabolic process of approximately 50% of drugs. A detailed mechanistic elucidation of DDIs mediated by CYP3A4 is commonly believed to be critical for drug optimization and rational use. Here, two typical probes, midazolam (MDZ, substrate) and testosterone (TST, allosteric effector), are used to investigate the molecular mechanism of CYP3A4-mediated heterotropic allosteric interactions, through conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) and well-tempered metadynamics (WT-MTD) simulations.
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