The characteristics of the microcapsule surface, which interacts directly with the host macrophages, may have a role in the biocompatibility of alginate-poly-L-lysine (PLL)-alginate (APA) microcapsule. The objectives of the study were: 1) to develop and validate a simple, rapid, and sensitive in vitro method for assessing microcapsule biocompatibility, based on microcapsule coincubation with macrophages and measurement, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, of cytokine mRNA expression, and 2) to evaluate the effect of alginate purification and PLL coating on macrophage activation. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta was significantly higher when macrophages were coincubated with beads made with nonpurified compared with purified alginate (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively) and negative control (p<0.001) or with APA microcapsules compared with non-PLL-coated alginate beads and negative control (p<0.001). The mRNA expression of interleukin-6 differed significantly only when APA microcapsules were compared with a negative control (p<0.05). These results confirm that alginate purification improves microcapsule biocompatibility, and suggest that PLL is not completely covered and/or neutralized by the second alginate incubation and thus has a role in the host macrophage activation. The assay is sensitive to both alginate contaminants and microcapsule surface characteristics and may be a useful tool for the development of biocompatible microcapsules.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30254 | DOI Listing |
Mater Today Bio
February 2025
Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
Immunotherapy is a cornerstone in cancer treatment, celebrated for its precision, ability to eliminate residual cancer cells, and potential to avert tumor recurrence. Nonetheless, its effectiveness is frequently undermined by the immunosuppressive milieu created by tumors. This study presents a novel nanogel-based drug delivery system, DOX-4PI@CpG@Lipo@Gel (DPCLG), engineered to respond to Matrix Metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2)-a protease abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Oral Investig
January 2025
Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Objective: Titanium surface modifications improve osseointegration in dental and orthopedic implants. However, soft tissue cells can also reach the implant surface in immediate loading protocols. While previous research focused on osteogenic cells, the early response of soft tissue cells still needs to be better understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
Osteointegration, the effective coupling between an implant and bone tissue, is a highly intricate biological process. The initial stages of bone-related immunomodulation and cellular colonization play crucial roles, but have received limited attention. Herein, a novel supramolecular co-assembled coating of strontium (Sr)-doped metal polyphenol networks (MPN) modified with c(RGDfc) is developed and well-characterized, for eliciting an early immunomodulation and cellular colonization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Biomater
January 2025
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States of America; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States of America. Electronic address:
Pro-tumoral M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), making them an important therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Approaches for imaging and monitoring M2 TAMs, as well as tracking their changes in response to tumor progression or treatment are highly sought-after but remain underdeveloped. Here, we report an M2-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe based on sub-5 nm ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticles (uIONP), featuring an anti-biofouling coating to prevent non-specific macrophage uptake and an M2-specific peptide ligand (M2pep) for active targeting of M2 TAMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBio Protoc
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
The bone is a highly dynamic organ that undergoes continuous remodeling through an intricate balance of bone formation and degradation. Hyperactivation of the bone-degrading cells, the osteoclasts (OCs), occurs in disease conditions and hormonal changes in females, resulting in osteoporosis, a disease characterized by altered microarchitecture of the bone tissue, and increased bone fragility. Thus, building robust assays to quantify OC resorptive activity to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying bone degradation is critical.
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