Patients with malformations of cortical development and epilepsy may have a variety of abnormal brain findings, including abnormal gyral patterns, cortical thickening, decreased volume of white matter, and increased diffusion of white matter. The status of individual white matter fiber tracts, however, is unknown. We present a case of bilateral frontal schizencephaly and subcortical heterotopia and illustrate alterations of white matter fascicles by combined structural and functional diffusion tensor imaging at 3 T.
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Fluids Barriers CNS
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
Background: Cerebral autoregulation is a robust regulatory mechanism that stabilizes cerebral blood flow in response to reduced blood pressure, thereby preventing cerebral ischaemia. Scientists have long believed that cerebral autoregulation also stabilizes cerebral blood flow against increases in intracranial pressure, which is another component that determines cerebral perfusion pressure. However, this idea was inconsistent with the complex pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus, which includes components of chronic cerebral ischaemia due to mild increases in intracranial pressure.
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January 2025
Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is a rare white matter disease characterized by axonal and glial injury. Although its clinical characteristics have been described in case reports, the prevalence of CSF1R mutations in clinically suspected ALSP cases remains unclear. Herein, we analysed the frequency of CSF1R mutations in patients with probable or possible ALSP and describe the genetic, clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of ALSP cases in individuals of Korean ancestry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAJNR Am J Neuroradiol
January 2025
From the Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA (MVS, HRC, WD, JHC, JAC, MGM, STS, DRR), College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA (HW, EY).
Background And Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is widely used to assess disease burden in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) software in quantifying white matter lesion (WML) burden in MS. We compared the software's WML quantification to expert radiologists' assessments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Imaging Behav
January 2025
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Physical exercise is a promising intervention to improve brain white matter integrity. In the PAM study, exercise intervention effects on white matter integrity were investigated in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients with cognitive problems were randomized 2-4 years post-diagnosis to an exercise (n = 91) or control group (n = 90).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Division of Brain, Imaging, and Behaviour, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
A fundamental issue in neuroscience is a lack of understanding regarding the relationship between brain function and the white matter architecture that supports it. Individuals with chronic neuropathic pain (NP) exhibit functional abnormalities throughout brain networks collectively termed the "dynamic pain connectome" (DPC), including the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and ascending nociceptive and descending pain modulation systems. These functional abnormalities are often observed in a sex-dependent fashion.
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