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How likely is it that a virus or bacteria is causing a patient's symptoms? A new approach to interpret the outcome from multi-pathogen PCR.
Infect Dis (Lond)
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Background: Whether a detected virus or bacteria is a pathogen that may require treatment, or is merely a commensal 'passenger', remains confusing for many infections. This confusion is likely to increase with the wider use of multi-pathogen PCR.
Objectives: To propose a new statistical procedure to analyse and present data from case-control studies clarifying the probability of causality.
Re: 'The relative effectiveness of a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine versus standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccines in older adults in France: a retrospective cohort study during the 2021-22 influenza season' by Bricout et al.
Clin Microbiol Infect
January 2025
Amiens, France. Electronic address:
A path toward developing a universal mucosal influenza vaccine: An upside-down influenza HA vaccine based on extracellular vesicles.
Mol Ther
January 2025
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address:
Recombinant probiotic Escherichia coli delivers the polymeric protein of swine influenza virus for protection.
Vet Microbiol
January 2025
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. Electronic address:
Swine influenza virus invades the host through the respiratory mucosa, which severely restricts the development of the pig breeding industry. To construct monomeric and trimeric vaccines, we developed recombinant Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) strains that express the receptor binding site (RBS) of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen from H1N1 swine influenza virus. After the mucosal immunization of mice, we found that probiotics activated CD40 and CD86 in DCs and increased the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ secretion by T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacteristics of the First Italian Older Adults Vaccinated with an Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine.
Medicina (Kaunas)
January 2025
Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
: Three respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines have been recently made available for older adults. Understanding the principal characteristics of the first vaccine-takers can pave the way for a successful vaccination campaign. The objective of this study was to explore the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the first Italian users of an adjuvanted RSV vaccine and their attitudes towards RSV and vaccination.
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