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Extension of the molar absorption coefficient for non-ideal mixtures: an application to aqueous monovalent alcohol solutions.
Anal Sci
December 2024
Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8642, Japan.
The hydration state of the alcohols was investigated using the extended molar absorption coefficient, which redefines the molar absorption coefficient as a differential coefficient of concentration. The extended molar absorption coefficient is a function of the concentration calculated from the difference in absorbance, and is consistent with the conventional molar absorption coefficient, allowing a complete quantitative comparison. The quantitative performance was verified using IR and NIR absorption spectra of aqueous solutions of monovalent alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol) that were soluble in water at any mixing ratio.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtemporaneous Compounding of Medicated Ointments.
Int J Pharm Compd
December 2024
Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois.
Article Synopsis
- Topical preparations, especially in dermatology, account for a significant portion of compounded prescriptions and involve varied ointment bases with active ingredients often added in liquid forms.
- There are currently no established quantitative guidelines on how different ointment bases absorb water and alcohol, prompting a short experiment to measure their capacity for these solvents.
- The findings aim to help compounding pharmacists choose the most appropriate base based on the solvent requirements for effective topical medications, while also offering insights into compounding challenges related to these preparations.
A Knowledge-Based Molecular Single-Source Precursor Approach to Nickel Chalcogenide Precatalysts for Electrocatalytic Water, Alcohol, and Aldehyde Oxidations.
ACS Nano
December 2024
Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany.
The development and comprehensive understanding of nickel chalcogenides are critical since they constitute a class of efficient electro(pre)catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and value-added organic oxidations. This study introduces a knowledge-based facile approach to analogous NiE (E = S, Se, Te) phases, originating from molecular β-diketiminato [NiE] complexes and their application for OER and organic oxidations. The recorded activity trends for both target reactions follow the order NiSe > NiS > NiTe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigation of cross-association behavior in water-ethanol solutions: A combined computational-ATR spectroscopy study.
J Chem Phys
November 2024
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Building 229, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
The water/ethanol system possesses complexities at the molecular level, which render its description a difficult task. For the elucidation of the system's hydrogen bonding features that are the key factors in its complex behavior, we conduct a Density Functional Theory analysis on relevant water/ethanol clusters inside implicit solvent cavities for the determination of the ethanol donor hydrogen bond strength. We record Attenuated Total Reflectance spectra of water/ethanol-OD solutions and utilize our density and refractive index measurements for post-processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of polysaccharides on growth performance, immune function, cecum microorganisms and short-chain fatty acids in broilers.
Front Vet Sci
October 2024
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals (XJ-KLNDSCHA), College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the effects of polysaccharides (LSP) added to the diet of broiler chickens on their growth, slaughter performance, immune responses, and gut health.
- A total of 75 chickens were divided into five groups, with varying amounts of LSP compared to a control and a positive drug group, over a 42-day supplementation period.
- Results showed that LSP improved growth metrics (like weight gain and feed efficiency), enhanced immune responses (increased cytokines and immunoglobulins), and positively altered gut microbiome by increasing beneficial short-chain fatty acids.
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