Different immune and virological responses to antiretroviral therapy were generally observed in a consistent part of treated patients. The immune reconstitution due to viral decay conseguent to antiretroviral therapy is principally divided in two phases (redistribution and repopulation). Several co-factors (in particular co-receptor and cytokine relationship with HIV infection) can interfere with the response to the antiviral drugs. The re-establishment of HIV target cells immune activation and the reduction of CD4 cell loss and turn-over must be considered.
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