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Enzymatic Routes to Designer Hemicelluloses for Use in Biobased Materials.
JACS Au
November 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
Various enzymes can be used to modify the structure of hemicelluloses directly in vivo or following extraction from biomass sources, such as wood and agricultural residues. Generally, these enzymes can contribute to designer hemicelluloses through four main strategies: (1) enzymatic hydrolysis such as selective removal of side groups by glycoside hydrolases (GH) and carbohydrate esterases (CE), (2) enzymatic cross-linking, for instance, the selective addition of side groups by glycosyltransferases (GT) with activated sugars, (3) enzymatic polymerization by glycosynthases (GS) with activated glycosyl donors or transglycosylation, and (4) enzymatic functionalization, particularly via oxidation by carbohydrate oxidoreductases and via amination by amine transaminases. Thus, this Perspective will first highlight enzymes that play a role in regulating the degree of polymerization and side group composition of hemicelluloses, and subsequently, it will explore enzymes that enhance cross-linking capabilities and incorporate novel chemical functionalities into saccharide structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of an immobilized Mycobacterium tuberculosis purine nucleoside phosphorylase platform for ligand fishing and inhibition assays.
J Pharm Biomed Anal
February 2025
BioCrom, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtPNP) is essential in purine metabolism, making it a promising target for new tuberculosis therapies, and this study created a ligand screening system using immobilized MtPNP on magnetic particles.
- The platform allows for effective activity monitoring and inhibitor recognition, achieving significant results from a proof-of-concept study with competitive inhibition, indicating its utility in drug discovery.
- Key parameters for improving ligand fishing assays were optimized, showing a balance must be struck between maximizing ligand isolation and maintaining enzyme activity for efficient, high-throughput screening.
Total biosynthesis of the medicinal triterpenoid saponin astragalosides.
Nat Plants
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
Astragalus membranaceus has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years. Its major active triterpenoid saponins, astragalosides, have attracted great attention due to their multiple health benefits and applications in medicine. Despite this, the biosynthetic machinery for astragalosides remains enigmatic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Metabolizing Enzymes: An Exclusive Guide into Latest Research in Pharmaco-genetic Dynamics in Arab Countries.
Curr Drug Metab
December 2024
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
Article Synopsis
- Drug metabolizing enzymes are essential for determining how therapeutic drugs work and their safety, with their efficiency influenced by genetic variations in Arab populations.
- This review focuses on genetic diversity in key drug-metabolizing enzymes, detailing how specific polymorphisms affect drug metabolism and therapeutic outcomes in these populations.
- It emphasizes the significance of integrating pharmacogenetic information into clinical practices to improve drug effectiveness and reduce harmful reactions, promoting personalized medicine approaches.
Improving the activity of an inulosucrase by rational engineering for the efficient biosynthesis of low-molecular-weight inulin.
Arch Microbiol
October 2024
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
Article Synopsis
- Inulin is a special substance that helps good bacteria grow and is used in different industries.
- Scientists are exploring a new way to make inulin using an enzyme from a type of bacteria instead of just taking it from plants.
- They found a version of the enzyme that works better at warm temperatures and made improvements that increased its ability to produce inulin even more!
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