Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize the root systems of most land plants and modulate plant growth by enhancing the availability of nutrients, mainly phosphorus, for plant nutrition. Recently identified genes encoding mycorrhiza-specific plant phosphate transporters have enabled fundamental problems in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis research to be addressed. Because phosphate transport is a key feature of this symbiosis, the study of phosphate transport mechanisms and their gene regulation will further our understanding of the intimate interaction between the two symbiotic partners.
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