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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Function: strpos
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: str_replace
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 260
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Objective: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) activation of gp130 represents an alternative pathway for osteoclast development in inflammatory conditions. The goal of the present study was to investigate changes in sIL-6R levels in response to the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and to determine the role of TNFalpha-converting enzyme (TACE) in this process.
Methods: Levels of sIL-6R in the culture media of MG63 and SAOS-2 osteoblast-like cell lines after exposure to various agents were determined by immunoassay. TACE protein levels were measured by Western immunoblotting. Cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or with an expression plasmid for IL-6R and TACE to determine the potential involvement of TACE in IL-6R shedding.
Results: IL-1beta and TNFalpha increased the levels of sIL-6R in the culture media of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. This effect was not influenced by cycloheximide or 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside but was markedly inhibited by the calcium chelator EGTA and by the TACE and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor hydroxamate (Ru36156). IL-1beta and TNFalpha had no influence on the alternatively spliced form of IL-6R RNA. Levels of sIL-6R were reduced when MG63 cells were transiently transfected with TACE siRNA. Transfection of SAOS-2 cells with expression plasmids for IL-6R and TACE produced a dose-dependent increase in sIL-6R levels.
Conclusion: IL-1beta- and TNFalpha-mediated induction of IL-6R shedding in osteoblast-like cells is at least partly dependent on TACE activation.
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Am J Case Rep
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Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France.
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Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Microbes
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The initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) are intimately associated with genetic, environmental and biological factors. (DSV), a sulfate-reducing bacterium, has been found excessive growth in CRC patients, suggesting a potential role in carcinogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this association remain incompletely understood.
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Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.
Granulomas, organized aggregates of immune cells which form in response to (), are characteristic but not exclusive of tuberculosis (TB). Despite existing investigations on TB granulomas, the determinants that differentiate host-protective granulomas from granulomas that contribute to TB pathogenesis are often disputed. Thus, the goal of this narrative review is to help clarify the existing literature on such determinants.
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