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Pathogenesis of rhinitis.
Clin Exp Allergy
September 2016
Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Rhinitis is a heterogeneous condition that has been associated with inflammatory responses as in allergic rhinitis but can also occur in the absence of inflammation such as in so-called idiopathic (previously 'vasomotor') rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis affects approximately one in four of the population of westernized countries and is characterized by typical symptoms of nasal itching, sneezing, watery discharge and congestion. The intention of this review is to illustrate key concepts of the pathogenesis of rhinitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTestosterone and β-oestradiol prevent inward remodelling of rat small mesenteric arteries: role of NO and transglutaminase.
Clin Sci (Lond)
June 2013
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Increasing evidence shows that sex hormones exert a protective effect on the vasculature, especially in the regulation of the active vasomotor responses. However, whether sex hormones affect vascular remodelling is currently unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone in males and β-oestradiol in females prevent inward remodelling, possibly through inhibition of cross-linking activity induced by enzymes of the TG (transglutaminase) family.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArterial vimentin is a transglutaminase substrate: a link between vasomotor activity and remodeling?
J Vasc Res
September 2007
Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1045, USA.
Background/aims: The transglutaminases (TG2 and factor XIIIa) may contribute to the stability of arteries by cross-linking a variety of substrates, including extracellular matrix proteins and protease inhibitors. The preferred substrates have never been determined, however.
Methods: We used an amine donor, 5-biotinamidopentylamine, that is covalently linked to acceptor glutamine residues, to determine transglutaminase substrates in carotid endarterectomy tissue.
Red blood cells and hemoglobin in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Adv Exp Med Biol
December 2006
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; in turn, red blood cells (RBCs) augment HPV by hemoglobin-mediated oxidation and inactivation of NO. In addition, scavenging of reactive oxygen species by RBCs may play a role in augmentation of HPV. NO delivery and/or production by RBCs does not appear to be important in the control of pulmonary vasomotor tone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarotid arterial stiffness, elastic fibre network and vasoreactivity in semicarbazide-sensitive amine-oxidase null mouse.
Cardiovasc Res
November 2006
INSERM U684, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
Objective: We examined the arterial phenotype of semicarbazide-sensitive amine-oxidase null mouse (SSAO -/-) using various techniques including high resolution echotracking.
Methods And Results: SSAO -/- mice showed no change in arterial pressure under anesthesia. The in vivo arterial diameter, only measured in the carotid artery (CA), was higher in SSAO -/- than in SSAO +/+ animals.
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