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Seizures Associated with Autoimmune Disorders - Current Treatment Approaches.
Semin Neurol
March 2025
Epilepsy Division, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Autoimmune-associated seizures and epilepsy are increasingly recognized in clinical practice and can arise in the setting of acute encephalitis but in some cases may present with chronic focal epilepsy. These conditions are usually resistant to antiseizure therapy but may respond definitively to timely immunotherapy. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to minimize neural injury and optimize outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary cardiac lymphoma presenting with wide QRS tachycardia: a case report.
Eur Heart J Case Rep
March 2025
Department of Pathology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, 38080 Kayseri, Turkey.
Background: Lymphomas, which originate from the haematopoietic system, are seldom found in the heart due to the absence of a lymphoid system. Primary cardiac lymphoma is quite rare. Cardiac lymphomas can present with dyspnoea, heart failure, pericardial effusion, and arrhythmia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCyclophosphamide treatment with a comparison in both pediatric rheumatology and pediatric nephrology practices.
Pediatr Rheumatol Online J
March 2025
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an inactive alkylating agent that transforms the alkyl radicals into other molecules and is used in combination with systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of many childhood rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In recent years, rituximab (RTX), a B-cell-targeting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a new alternative treatment modality over CYC for induction therapy of childhood-onset rheumatic diseases. Clinicians adopt different practices for using CYC particularly in relation to indications, posology, pre-treatment laboratory work-up, post-treatment follow-up, and screening pre- and post-treatment vaccination status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtypical Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a 16-Year-Old Male Child: A Case Report.
Cureus
February 2025
Pediatrics, Valley Children's Healthcare, Madera, USA.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is an extremely rare small vessel vasculitis, which typically presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or without pulmonary hemorrhage. Atypical anti-GBM disease varies in its clinical and laboratory presentation with insidious onset of symptoms. We present the case of a 16-year-old male child who presented with a two-week history of fever, weight loss, cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and a five-year history of intermittent emesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystemic sclerosis complicated by azathioprine-induced iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorder: A case report.
Mod Rheumatol Case Rep
March 2025
Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Lymphoproliferative disorders are rare complications in patients with autoimmune diseases who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy. This case report describes a 74-year-old man with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies, and interstitial pneumonia. The patient's condition initially improved with prednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide, followed by maintenance therapy with azathioprine, nintedanib, and macitentan for pulmonary hypertension.
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