Previously, alterations in neuronal metabolism were found in a number of brain areas of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. In the present study we aimed at determining for the first time whether metabolic changes would also occur in vascular dementia (VD) patients in the supraoptic (SON), infundibular (INF), tuberomamillary (TMN), medial mamillary nuclei, vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (VDB), and nucleus basalis of Meynert. The Golgi complex (GC) size, cell size, and vasopressin mRNA levels (in the SON) were used as measures of neuronal metabolic activity in postmortem material. The GC immunoreactivity was clearly diminished in the SON, INF and TMN and was increased in the VDB of VD cases. Interestingly, in the SON and TMN, a decrease in the GC size was more pronounced in male than in female VD patients in accordance with the higher prevalence of VD in men. In 7 of 11 VD cases, vasopressin mRNA levels were significantly reduced which may contribute to urinary incontinence, one of the most common clinical symptoms in VD, and to the lower blood pressure values that are often registered at the later stages of the VD. Since the human TMN is the sole source of cerebral histamine, our data suggest deficient histaminergic transmission in the brain in VD. Diminished neuronal metabolism in the SON and INF was not observed in AD in this and previous studies, whereas the changes in the VDB and TMN are similar in VD and AD. In the present study we thus found decreased metabolic activity in several hypothalamic nuclei in VD indicating diminished production of certain hormones and neurotransmitters.
Introduction: Proactive esophageal cooling reduces injury during radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the left atrium (LA) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). New catheters are capable of higher wattage settings up to 90 W (very high-power short duration, vHPSD) for 4s. Varying power and duration however does not eliminate the risk of thermal injury.
Introduction: Ischaemic stroke, primarily caused by thromboembolic events, typically arises as a consequence of underlying vascular or cardiac pathology. Non-thrombotic embolic strokes, although rare, are increasingly seen in interventional and intravascular procedures. Oxygen-ozone therapy (OOT) is one of the popular treatments for lumbar disc herniation, providing pain relief.
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial response, complementing Alzheimer's disease (AD) core biomarkers, have improved the pathophysiological characterization of the disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the co-expression of multiple CSF biomarkers will help the identification of AD-like phenotypes when biomarker positivity thresholds are not met yet.
Methods: Two hundred and seventy cognitively unimpaired adults with family history (FH) of sporadic AD (mean age = 60.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, 100044 No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing China, 100044, People's Republic of China.
Objective: To evaluate the association between anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov between January 1995 and October 2024.
Cognitive impairment, marked by neurodegenerative damage, leads to diminished cognitive function decline. Accurate cognitive assessment is crucial for early detection and progress evaluation, yet current methods in clinical practice lack objectivity, precision, and convenience. This study included 743 participants, including healthy individuals, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia patients, with collected resting-state EEG data and cognitive scale scores.
