New SRM (selected reaction monitoring) data dependent exclusion (MS)(n) measurement makes it possible to obtain MS(3) fragmentation data for all MS(2) fragments, useful for structural determination of drug metabolites using ESI ion trap. MS(2) fragments are produced by cleavage of all protonated molecules at the lone electron pairs of heteroatoms or the pi electrons of double and triple bonds, benzene rings and hetero-rings of drugs. Usually, data dependent MS(3) measurement cleaves only MS(2) fragment of highest intensity, that normally does not contain important metabolic sites. Fragmentation data from all parts of drug metabolites is required to determine structure. In addition to the usual basic measurement of protonated molecules and (MS)(n) fragmentation of drug metabolites, we demonstrate the use of SRM data dependent (MS)(n) measurement, plus new SRM data dependent exclusion (MS)(n) measurement for structural determination of metabolites.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2133/dmpk.18.390 | DOI Listing |
Mol Neurodegener
January 2025
College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
Background: Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, will convert into the reactive state in response to proteotoxic stress such as tau accumulation, a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. The formation of reactive astrocytes is partially attributed to the disruption of autophagy lysosomal signaling, and inhibiting of some histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been demonstrated to reduce the molecular and functional characteristics of reactive astrocytes. However, the precise role of autophagy lysosomal signaling in astrocytes that regulates tau pathology remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Palliat Care
January 2025
Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
Background: Clinicians are frequently asked 'how long' questions at end-of-life by patients and those important to them, yet predicting timeframes to death remains uncertain, even in the last weeks and days of life. Patients and families wish to know so they can ask questions, plan, make decisions, have time to visit and say their goodbyes, and have holistic care needs met. Consequently, this necessitates a more accurate assessment of empirical data to better inform prognostication and reduce uncertainty around time until death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Musculoskelet Disord
January 2025
VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street MC: 6342, Redwood City, CA, 94603, USA.
Background: As value-based care arrangements continue to assess quality of care and costs, comprehensive and patient-centered definitions of quality of care are required. While patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly integrated into quality assessments following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), patient perceptions of quality paired with the phase of surgical care has not been described. The purpose of this study was to assess how TJA patients perceive measures of quality of care and assess if these perceptions change based on the phase of care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Public Health
January 2025
National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Via Portuense, Rome, 292-00149, Italy.
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency has represented a profound upheaval in the dynamics of infectious diseases transmission worldwide. This phenomenon has been at least in part driven by the introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), implemented to counteract viral transmission. Our study aimed to assess the magnitude and the features of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) in the Lazio region, Italy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Med Educ
January 2025
Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Background: Motivation is a variable that directly influences task orientation. Within the motivational sphere, the motivational climate determines whether a task is performed with an intrinsic or extrinsic.
Purpose: It has been observed that depending on motivational orientations, anxiety levels and task performance can be increased.
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