Purpose: To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and its inflammatory reaction in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer, a new tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-inducing protein of H. pylori was studied.
Methods: The HP0596 gene of H. pylori was identified as the TNF-alpha-inducing protein (Tipalpha) gene from genome sequence of H. pylori strain 26695. Using recombinant Tipalpha (rTipalpha) and deleted Tipalpha (rdel-Tipalpha) proteins, the latter of which lacks six amino acids containing two cysteines in the N-terminal domain, we examined their activities in TNF-alpha gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in both Bhas 42 (v-H-ras transfected BALB/3T3) cells and mouse gastric epithelial cell line MGT-40, and in vitro transformation of Bhas 42 cells.
Results: Tipalpha protein as a homodimer form (38 kDa) was found in both extracts and culture medium of various H. pylori strains. rTipalpha significantly induced TNF-alpha gene expression and NF-kappaB activation in both Bhas 42 cells and MGT-40, and induced in vitro transformation of Bhas 42 cells. However, rdel-Tipalpha did not. Treatment with MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited translocation of NF-kappaB p65, and abrogated TNF-alpha induction induced by Tipalpha protein.
Conclusion: Tipalpha is a new carcinogenic factor released from H. pylori mediated through NF-kappaB activation.
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