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The Focus on Fungal Infections meeting has become a popular conference for specialists in medical mycology and antifungal chemotherapy. Highlights of the 8th meeting are reported, with a focus on infection and therapy. Although the incidence of mycoses has increased, the identification of these fungal etiologic agents remains difficult. Mucosal candidiasis caused by endogenous Candida albicans and Candida species remains the most common fungal manifestation in HIV-infected patients, while systemic infection by Aspergillus species also has increased in HIV patients. Two presenters at the meeting debated whether fungal infections in AIDS patients are becoming less common and less important. Various strategies for antifungal therapy in AIDS or HIV-positive patients were presented. Most fungal infections in solid organ transplant patients are due to Candida species or Aspergillus species; however, dematiaceous (dark-pigmented) fungi are becoming more common fungal pathogens in these patients. Antifungal therapy remains difficult in this patient group. The meeting included an overview of the current status of diagnosing fungal infections through serodiagnostic techniques. If properly validated, serology can be useful in fungal diagnosis since antigens and antibodies are easier to detect than the invading organism. Premature infants are at high risk for developing invasive fungal infections. Antifungal drugs have not been tested in controlled clinical trials in these patients, thus therapy is accomplished using adult treatment regimens and anecdotal experience. As regards the new lipid-based formulations of amphotericin B, published clinical studies are only now appearing in the literature and these reports suggest that the new formulations have reduced toxicity and comparable efficacy compared to conventional amphotericin B under various clinical conditions. Correlation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values with clinical response to therapy is beginning to emerge. Two fungal cell wall-active compounds have recently entered clinical trials: an echinocandin and the chitin-synthesis inhibitor nikkomycin Z. Pradimycin and analogues have been studied through experimental animal models with good success; however, phase I clinical trials suggested drug-related toxicities and development was stopped. New molecular targets also are being investigated in antifungal therapy.
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J Infect
March 2025
UK Health Security Agency, Field Services North West, Liverpool, L1 3DS. Electronic address:
Objectives: Revised UK guidelines for the management of contacts of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infection in community settings were published in December 2022. We present the findings of a narrative review which informed the public health recommendations around the provision of antibiotic chemoprophylaxis detailed in the updated guidelines.
Methods: We conducted a literature review of studies reporting the risk of iGAS infection associated with specific risk factors.
Microb Pathog
March 2025
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Department of Microbiology, México City, México. Electronic address:
In recent years, Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) has emerged as a pathogen responsible for systemic mortal infections. C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Aspects Med
March 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, France. Electronic address:
Invasive fungal diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients, and often prompt for rapid and aggressive treatment aiming cure. Due to the expanding magnitude of patients burdened by chronic immunosuppression and affected by fungal diseases, the diversity of clinical settings has risen. This often results in prolonged therapy (induction, consolidation and maintenance) associated with potentially severe side effects, and clinicians face the challenging decisions of when and how to stop anti-fungal therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGene sequencing of 16S, 18S, and ITS regions is a crucial tool in molecular diagnostics, especially in microbiology, pathology and forensic medicine. These genes contain conserved and variable regions and are widely used for the taxonomic classification of bacteria and eukaryotes. Sequencing of 16S rDNA helps detect bacterial infections, while sequencing of ITS regions and 18S rDNA is used to identify fungal or parasitic infections, especially when traditional methods are ineffective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Immunol Immunother
March 2025
Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No.2 Baoshanxi Rd, Xiqing District,, 300380, Tianjin, China.
The CLL1-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy offers a novel therapeutic approach for refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The targeted elimination of tumor cells by CLL1 CAR-T therapy also induces cytotoxic effects on neutrophils, leading to a severe granulocytopenia, thereby significantly increasing the risk of infectious complications during CAR-T therapy. However, the infectious complications associated with this strategy have not been comprehensively investigated.
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