Both pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) and reflux extraction in various solvents were used to select the most efficient system for the determination of the quantity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) present in polytetrafluoroethylene polymers. After evaporating the solvent, PFOA was determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Ethanol, water and methanol gave comparable results and were shown to be good solvents for this extraction. Acetonitrile was a reasonable solvent using the reflux extraction method, but not with PSE. Chloroform resulted in poor recovery for both extraction methods. PSE proved to be the more efficient extraction method.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b412609b | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Synthetic antidiabetic drugs are often associated with various adverse side effects, including hypoglycemia, nausea, gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches, and even liver damage. In contrast, plant-derived natural antidiabetic bioactive compounds typically exhibit lower toxicity and fewer side effects and have been reported to aid effectively in diabetes management. These plant extracts regulate diabetes by restoring pancreatic function, enhancing insulin secretion, inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption, and facilitating insulin dependent metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants (Basel)
January 2025
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
Soxhlet extraction is a method recommended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) to determine the lipid content in plant samples. Generally, n-hexane (toxicity grade 5) is used as the solvent (≈300 mL; ≈30 g sample) at boiling temperatures (69 °C) for long times (≤16 h) under a chilled water reflux (≈90 L/h), proportionally aggravated by the number of repetitions and samples determined. In this sense, the technique is neither safe nor sustainable for the analyst or the environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiscov Oncol
January 2025
Second Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
Background: Patients suffer from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which is the ninth highly aggressive malignancy. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) exert as major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), showing possible prognostic value in ESCC.
Methods: Transcriptome data and scRNA-seq data of ESCC samples were extracted from the GEO and TCGA databases.
J Thorac Dis
December 2024
Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has high mortality and poor prognosis, which brings enormous burdens to families and society. We conducted this meta-analysis to analyze and summarize the risk factors associated with mortality in IPF, hoping to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of IPF.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to August 10, 2023, to include cohort studies on mortality in patients with IPF.
PeerJ
January 2025
Chinese University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
The fruits of Retz. (FRL) have a long history of medicinal use, known for their rich composition of flavonoids, polyphenols, amino acids, sugars, and other bioactive compounds. FRL exhibits pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities, making it a valuable resource with significant development potential in both the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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