Theory-based HIV risk reduction counseling for sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: South Africa has the world's fastest growing AIDS epidemic. There is an urgent need for effective HIV risk reduction interventions in South Africa.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and test the potential efficacy of a brief theory-based HIV prevention counseling intervention for sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic patients in South Africa.

Method: STI clinic patients in Cape Town (N=228) were assessed at baseline and randomized to receive either: 1) a single 60-minute session motivational/skills-building HIV risk reduction counseling intervention or 2) a 20-minute HIV information/education session. Participants completed 1- and 3-month follow ups with 80% retention.

Results: The 60-minute motivational/skills risk reduction counseling demonstrated significantly greater risk reduction practices, lower rates of unprotected intercourse, and greater likelihood of receiving HIV testing after the intervention.

Conclusions: Brief theory-based HIV prevention counseling may significantly reduce HIV risk behaviors for STI clinic patients in South Africa.