AI Article Synopsis

  • Two new analogs of yessotoxin were discovered from the marine algae Protoceratium reticulatum.
  • Their chemical structures were determined using advanced techniques like NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS3.
  • Testing showed no toxic effects in mice even at high doses.

Article Abstract

Two analogs of yessotoxin were isolated from extracts of a culture of Protoceratium reticulatum. The structures of the analogs were identified as trihydroxylated amides of 41a-homoyessotoxin (1) and 9-methyl-41a-homoyessotoxin (2) by one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS3 analyses. Structures were further confirmed by micro-scale chemical conversions combined with LC-MS3 analyses. No toxic effects were recorded in mice injected intraperitoneally with 2 at a dose of 5000 microg/kg.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.09.011DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

analogs yessotoxin
8
protoceratium reticulatum
8
lc-ms3 analyses
8
polyhydroxylated amide
4
amide analogs
4
yessotoxin protoceratium
4
reticulatum analogs
4
yessotoxin isolated
4
isolated extracts
4
extracts culture
4

Similar Publications

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) - proliferated algae densities, often producing toxins - have increasingly been found in ocean and coastal areas. Recent studies show that rising temperatures contribute to HAB occurrence, but the broader influence of climate change on these outbreaks is less quantified. Of particular concern is the limited research on HAB toxin effects under varying temperatures, especially regarding primary consumers such as copepods, a crucial component of aquatic ecosystems.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Are yessotoxins an emerging problem in Chile? Context and perspectives following the first report of YTX levels exceeding the regulatory limit in the Patagonian fjord system.

Environ Pollut

November 2024

Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Innovación Acuícola AQUAPACIFICO, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.

In late summer and early autumn 2022, an intense bloom of Protoceratium reticulatum-the main yessotoxin (YTX) producer along Chilean coasts and a major threat to artisanal fisheries, the aquaculture industry, and environmental health-was recorded in the Patagonian fjord system. The high YTX levels (>3.75 mg kg) resulted in the first ban of shellfish collection in Chile.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Lipophilic shellfish toxins (LSTs) pose risks to both ecosystem health and seafood safety, prompting a study across five aquaculture regions in Shandong, China.
  • The research spanned three seasons and found significant variability in LST composition and levels within phytoplankton and zooplankton, with specific toxins like PTX2, DTX1, and OA detected in varying concentrations.
  • Although DTX1 was predominant in economic shellfish, overall LST levels were low, indicating a low risk to human seafood safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their associated phycotoxins are increasing globally, posing great threats to local coastal ecosystems and human health. Nutrients have been carried by the freshwater Yangtze River and have entered the estuary, which was reported to be a biodiversity-rich but HAB-frequent region. Here, in situ solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) was used to monitor lipophilic shellfish toxins (LSTs) in seawaters, and extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) was conducted to trace the temporal and special regions of those LSTs in a one-year trail in a mussel culture ranch in the Yangtze River Estuary.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Effect of temperature on growth and yessotoxin production of Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra (Dinophyceae) isolates from the Portuguese coast (NE Atlantic).

Mar Environ Res

February 2024

MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address:

The dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra are potential yessotoxin (YTX) producers, which have been associated with blooms responsible for economic, social, and ecological impacts around the world. They occur in Iberian waters, but in this region, little is known of their ecophysiology and toxin profiles. This study investigated the growth and toxin production of two strains of each species, from the Portuguese coast, at 15 °C, 19 °C, and 23 °C.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!