AI Article Synopsis
- Streptococcus pyogenes is linked to various diseases such as pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, and toxic shock syndrome, and was historically responsible for puerperal fever epidemics.
- The M protein is a key virulence factor that helps the bacteria evade the immune system by inhibiting phagocytosis and exhibiting antigenic variation.
- Recent studies suggest a potential link between the R28 protein and puerperal fever outbreaks, and the article discusses challenges in using animal models for vaccine research.
Article Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) causes a variety of diseases, including acute pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Moreover, S. pyogenes was responsible for the classical example of a nosocomial infection, the epidemics of puerperal fever (childbed fever) that caused the death of numerous women in earlier centuries. The most extensively studied virulence factor of S. pyogenes is the surface M protein, which inhibits phagocytosis and shows antigenic variation. Recent data indicate that many M proteins confer phagocytosis resistance because the variable N-terminal region has non-overlapping sites that specifically bind two components of the human immune system, the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and IgA-Fc. Concerning puerperal fever, molecular and epidemiological analysis suggests that the S. pyogenes surface protein R28 may have played a pathogenetic role in these epidemics. This article summarizes the properties of M protein and the R28 protein and considers a potential problem encountered in connection with the use of animal models for vaccine development.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.08.010 | DOI Listing |
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