Safety-tested modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has been established as a potent vector system for the development of candidate recombinant vaccines. The versatility of the vector system was recently demonstrated by the rapid production of experimental MVA vaccines for immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus. Promising results were also obtained in the delivery of Epstein-Barr virus or human cytomegalovirus antigens and from the clinical testing of MVA vectors for vaccination against immunodeficiency virus, papilloma virus, Plasmodium falciparum or melanoma. Moreover, MVA is considered to be a prime candidate vaccine for safer protection against orthopoxvirus infections. Thus, vector development to challenge dilemmas in vaccinology or immunization against poxvirus bio-threat seems possible, yet the right choice should be made for a most beneficial use.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2004.09.001 | DOI Listing |
JYNNEOS, a third-generation smallpox vaccine, is integral to monkeypox virus (MPXV) control efforts, but the durability of this modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine's effectiveness is undefined. We optimized and used a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) with authentic clade IIa MPXV and vaccinia virus to assess antibody responses over 12 months in 8 donors vaccinated with 2 doses of JYNNEOS. One donor previously received the ACAM2000 vaccine; 7 donors were smallpox vaccine-naive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
ProBioGen AG, 13086 Berlin, Germany.
: Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that replicate in the host cytoplasm without a nuclear phase. As vaccine vectors, they can package and express large recombinant cassettes from different positions of their genomic core region. We present a comparison between wildtype modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and isolate CR19, which has significantly expanded inverted terminal repeats (ITRs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
November 2024
Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Background/objectives: Marburg virus (MARV) is the etiological agent of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever disease with high case fatality rates in humans. Smaller outbreaks have frequently been reported in countries in Africa over the last few years, and confirmed human cases outside Africa are, so far, exclusively imported by returning travelers. Over the previous years, MARV has also spread to non-endemic African countries, demonstrating its potential to cause epidemics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Introduction: Vaccine platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA can accelerate vaccine development in response to newly emerging pathogens, as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the differential effects of platform and antigen insert on vaccine immunogenicity remain incompletely understood. Innate immune responses induced by viral vector vaccines are suggested to have an adjuvant effect for subsequent adaptive immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Virol
January 2025
National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Oncolytic viruses are emerging as promising cancer therapeutic agents, with several poxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV) and myxoma virus, showing significant potential in preclinical and clinical trials. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a laboratory-derived VACV strain approved by the FDA for mpox and smallpox vaccination, has been shown to be incapable of replicating in human cells unless zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is repressed. Notably, ZAP deficiency is prevalent in various cancer types.
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