Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR), low birth weight (LBW) rate, and first trimester entry into prenatal care (PNC) are indicators that reflect the health of a population.
Objective: To examine these indicators in Wisconsin from 1979 through 2001 and compare them to those of the United States, looking at trends and relative rank compared with other states.
Methods: Three-year averages for IMR, LBW, and PNC were analyzed for the periods 1979-1981, 1984-1986, 1989-1991, 1994-1996, and 1999-2001 from data sources published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Wisconsin's rank relative to other states was compared for the overall, black, and white populations.
Results: Wisconsin's overall IMR was consistently at, or slightly better than, the national IMR. From 1979-1981 to 1999-2001, the US black IMR decreased by 37.4%, while the Wisconsin black IMR declined 12.4%; thus, Wisconsin's rank among the states fell from third best to 32 among 34 states with a sufficient number of black births. LBW rates for Wisconsin's black population were consistently at least twice that of the white population. In 1979-1981, early entry into PNC for all Wisconsin women (82.9%) was significantly higher than that of the US population (74.1%). Wisconsin's early PNC entry rates improved slightly; as other states also improved, Wisconsin's ranking dropped. Wisconsin's relative ranks for IMR, LBW, and PNC declined for all 3 indicators from 1979-1991 to 1999-2001.
Discussion: Birth outcome disparities in Wisconsin pose challenges for physicians, public health, and private agencies; all must collaborate and act to improve health, housing, employment, education, and the social capital and support that makes up the fabric of our society.
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