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The nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR)-encoding gene family has attracted much research interest because approximately 75% of the plant disease resistance genes that have been cloned to date are from this gene family. We cloned the NBS-LRR-encoding genes from polyploid cotton by a polymerase chain reaction-based approach. A sample of 150 clones was selected from the NBS-LRR gene sequence library and was sequenced, and 61 resistance gene analogs (RGA) were identified. Sequence analysis revealed that RGA are abundant and highly diverged in the cotton genome and could be categorized into 10 distinct subfamilies based on the similarities of their nucleotide sequences. The numbers of members vary many fold among different subfamilies, and gene index analysis showed that each of the subfamilies is at a different stage of RGA family evolution. Genetic mapping of a selection of RGA indicates that the RGA reside on a limited number of the cotton chromosomes, with those from a single subfamily tending to cluster and two of the RGA loci being colocalized with the cotton bacterial blight resistance genes. The distribution of RGA between the two subgenomes A and D of cotton is uneven, with RGA being more abundant in the A subgenome than in the D subgenome. The data provide new insights into the organization and evolution of the NBS-LRR-encoding RGA family in polyploid plants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1234 | DOI Listing |
Inflamm Bowel Dis
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, IBD Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background And Aims: Transmural healing, including as assessed by magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has been associated with long-term favorable outcomes in Crohn's Disease (CD), but data concerning MRE improvement and normalization with therapy are sparse. We performed a prospective longitudinal study utilizing the recently developed pediatric MRE-based multi-item measure of inflammation (PICMI) to examine the efficacy of adalimumab (ADA) and immunomodulator (IM) in attaining improvement of transmural inflammation of the small intestine.
Methods: Pediatric patients with CD involving small bowel and initiating ADA or IM were prospectively enrolled and followed with repeat MRE at 1 year.
Carbohydr Polym
February 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China. Electronic address:
The aging process endows Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) with unique value and efficacy. This study investigated the dynamic changes in the fine structure, chain conformation, and morphology of water-soluble polysaccharides from Chenpi over time. In the initial storage period of Chenpi (1 year), Chenpi polysaccharides (CP) exhibited a triple-helical structure, with chains entangled and aggregated into rough spherical conformations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Med
December 2024
Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
Background: Clozapine is widely regarded as a highly efficacious psychotropic drug that is largely underused worldwide. Recent disproportionality analyses and nationwide case-control studies suggested a potential association between clozapine use and hematological malignancy (HM). Nevertheless, the absolute rate difference is not well-established due to the absence of analytic cohort studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
The R&D Department of Betta Biologic, Betta Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Background: In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling axes are complementary, nonredundant immunosuppressive signaling pathways. Studies have revealed that active TGF-β is mainly released from the glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP)-TGF-β complex on the surface of activated regulatory T cells (Tregs), B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and tumor cells. The currently available antibodies or fusion proteins that target TGF-β are limited in their abilities to simultaneously block TGF-β release and neutralize active TGF-β in the TME, thus limiting their antitumor effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces
November 2024
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States.
This study investigates the use of TiCl vapor phase infiltration (VPI) to cleave ester groups in the main chain of a polymer and drive depolymerization and film etching. Prior investigations have demonstrated that the infiltration of TiCl into PMMA results in dealkylation of its ester bond, cleaving its side groups. This study investigates the VPI of TiCl into poly(lactic acid), which is a prototypical polymer with an ester group in its main chain.
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