Greater risks exist for medical comorbidities in persons with addictive disorders. Clinicians should screen for early comorbidities such as hepatitis C and HIV. During acute intoxications and overdoses, patients are at greater risk for major respiratory and cardiac events. Long-term management of persons with addictions and medical disorders requires integrative care programs involving comprehensive primary and psychiatric care.
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Chronic nicotine exposure induces molecular and transcriptomic endophenotypes associated with mood and anxiety disorders in a cerebral organoid neurodevelopmental model.
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Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Introduction: Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) from maternal smoking disrupts regulatory processes vital to fetal development. These changes result in long-term behavioral impairments, including mood and anxiety disorders, that manifest later in life. However, the relationship underlying PNE, and the underpinnings of mood and anxiety molecular and transcriptomic phenotypes remains elusive.
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Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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