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Because of the risk of perinatal transmission and possible sexual transmission, it is important for obstetrician-gynecologists to keep abreast of the rapidly expanding literature on hepatitis C. Acute hepatitis C represents about 5% of all reported cases of hepatitis. Approximately 50% of acute infections progress to chronic liver disease. Risk factors for infection include intravenous (IV) drug use (21-42% of cases), previous blood transfusion (6-17%), and multiple sexual partners (6%); 40-50% of cases have no identified risk factors. The seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibody is 70.8% in IV drug users, 11.6% in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, 8.8% in prostitutes, 1.2% in hospital personnel, and 0.5-1.4% in volunteer blood donors. The risk of transmission to the neonate depends on the trimester at exposure. No perinatal transmission has been shown after acute maternal infection in the second trimester. Based on the few reported cases, chronic maternal infection or acute infection in the third trimester may result in neonatal infection rates of 45-87.5%. Universal screening is probably not cost-effective because the prevalence is low and over 70% of screening tests can be falsely positive using the currently approved assay. Selective screening of high-risk patients is recommended.
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AIDS Care
March 2025
Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Before national guidelines related to infant feeding among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the United States were changed in 2023, PLHIV were discouraged from breastfeeding due to the potential risk of perinatal HIV transmission. Potential health benefits to both mother and child coupled with the ability to mitigate HIV transmission risk with modern treatments now make feeding decisions more complex for PLHIV. This study examined personal and social determinants of feeding choice among PLHIV in the Philadelphia area just prior to the change in national guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA retrospective case-controlled study compared pregnancy outcomes between people with perinatally acquired HIV (PaHIV), horizontally acquired HIV (HaHIV), and those without HIV. PaHIV were more likely to be viraemic in early pregnancy than HaHIV. When matched for age and ethnicity, babies born to PaHIV were more likely to be premature, small for gestational age, delivered by caesarean section and require enhanced neonatal and social care involvement than infants born to age/ethnically matched HIV-uninfected individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav Immun Health
March 2025
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Background: Perinatal depression is common: on average, more than 13% of women suffer from physician-diagnosed disorder and 20% report symptoms bearing clinical relevance. Maternal depression not only significantly impacts women's quality of life but also increases the offspring's risk of negative developmental outcomes, including mental disorders, through a combination of maternal alterations in biology and postnatal rearing factors during the early period of life. The HappyMums project aims to improve our understanding of perinatal depression by identifying the factors that robustly predict risk and resilience in mothers and their offspring, determining underlying neurobiological mechanisms, and, finally, testing the efficacy of potential interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol
March 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Background And Aim: Restrictions to mitigate COVID-19 transmission during the pandemic led to the disruption of routine antenatal care. We aimed to assess if those disruptions impacted the rates and types of stillbirths that occurred during that time.
Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of the types and causes of stillbirths occurring in women attending three maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia, to understand if COVID-19 mitigation measures altered them.
PLoS One
February 2025
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Background: Perinatal maternal stress, which includes both psychological and physiological stress experienced by healthy women during pregnancy and the postpartum period, is becoming increasingly prevalent. Infant early exposure to adverse environments such as perinatal stress has been shown to increase the long-term risk to metabolic, immunologic and neurobehavioral disorders. Evidence suggests that the human microbiome facilitates the transmission of maternal factors to infants via the vaginal, gut, and human milk microbiomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!