Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Isosulfan blue has been traditionally used as a tracer to map the lymphatic system during identification of the sentinel lymph node. However, allergic reactions may be life threatening. We compared the efficacy of methylene blue dye as a tracer for sentinel lymph node biopsy to isosulfan blue dye. In an analysis of 164 cases, there was no clinical or statistically significant difference in the success rate of sentinel node biopsy (P = 0.22), the number of blue sentinel nodes harvested (P = 0.46), the concordance with radioactive sentinel nodes (P = 0.92), or the incidence of metastases (P = 0.87) when methylene blue tracer was compared to isosulfan blue. No adverse reaction to either blue dye was observed. In conclusion, intraparenchymal injection of methylene blue dye is a reliable tracer for the lymphatic system and nodal identification during sentinel node mapping for breast cancer. It is safe, inexpensive, and readily available.
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