Raman scattering from aqueous liquids can be collected with high efficiency by enclosing the liquid within a suitable waveguide, as several groups have reported. Here, we present a quantitative model that predicts the relative strength of signals collected from (a) a tubular waveguide and (b) a flat-walled cuvette. Experimental measurements of Raman scattering from aqueous ethanol are made using two geometries, a Teflon-AF waveguide and a standard quartz cuvette. The model correctly predicts the enhancements in several ethanol Raman bands provided by the waveguide geometry. This model should be useful in aligning and characterizing liquid core waveguides, whose manufacture is still undergoing refinements. In particular, the model shows that absorption and scattering losses affect the enhancement factor in different ways.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702042336109 | DOI Listing |
Environ Toxicol Chem
January 2025
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083China.
Phthalates, known as phthalate esters (PAEs), are among the most ubiquitous pervasive env7ironmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs), extensively utilized globally in various facets of modern life due to their irreplaceable role as plasticizers. The exponential production and utilization of plastic goods have substantially escalated plastic waste accumulation. Consequently, PAEs have infiltrated the environment, contaminating food and drinking water reservoirs, posing notable threats to human health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
The storage and generation of electrical energy at the mm-scale is a core roadblock to realizing many untethered miniature systems, including industrial, environmental, and medically implanted sensors. We describe the potential to address the sensor energy requirement in a two-step process by first converting alpha radiation into light, which can then be translated into electrical power through a photovoltaic harvester circuit protected by a clear sealant. Different phosphorescent and scintillating materials were mixed with the alpha-emitter Th-227, and the conversion efficiency of europium-doped yttrium oxide was the highest at around 2%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Control of the formation of liquid crystalline 3̄ gyroid phases and their nanostructures is critical to advance materials chemistry based on the structural feature of three-dimensional helical networks. Here, we present that introducing methyl side-group(s) and slight non-symmetry into aryloyl-hydrazine-based molecules is unexpectedly crucial for their formation and can be a new design strategy through tuning intermolecular interactions: the two chemical modifications in the core portion of the chain-core-chain type molecules effectively lower and extend the 3̄ phase temperature ranges with the increased twist angle between neighboring molecules along the network. The detailed analyses of the aggregation structure revealed the change in the core assembly mode from the double-layered core mode of the mother molecule (without methyl groups) to the single-layered core mode.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFor the application scenario of multi-user, high-bandwidth laser communication in satellite internet, this paper proposes a spatiotemporal vector optimization algorithm to achieve high energy utilization in arbitrary multi-beam generation using a liquid crystal optical phased array antenna. The core components of this method involve optimizing phase offsets and power coefficients through iterative processes to achieve precise beam shaping and efficient energy distribution among multiple beams. This approach overcomes the single-link limitation of traditional laser terminals and resolves challenges such as low radiation efficiency and substantial power loss in multi-beam generation systems utilizing passive phased array antennas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe dissolution/diffusion process of solid in a liquid is a kind of widespread physical phenomenon. Parameters involved in this process include the dissolution rate (), dissolution rate constant (), and diffusion coefficient (), whose accurate measurement is particularly important in fields such as biopharmaceuticals, materials science, agriculture, etc. However, the commonly used measurement methods at present cannot obtain these parameters simultaneously.
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