The mitochondria plays a role in apoptosis. Its genome is also more susceptible to mutations because of high levels of reactive oxygen species and limited repair mechanisms. The D-loop of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains essential transcription and replication elements, and mutations in this region might alter the rate of DNA replication. We examined genetic alterations in the D-loop region of mtDNA in uterine serous carcinoma (USC) samples and their paired normal adjacent endometrium. DNA was extracted after laser-capture microdissection of paraffin-embedded tissues from eight patients with USC. The entire D-loop genome was amplified using nine pairs of overlapping primers. Denatured polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were subjected to single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Somatic mtDNA alterations were detected in five tumours (63%). Our study indicates that mtDNA D-loop sequence alterations occur at a high frequency in USC suggesting that mtDNA mutations may play a role in the development of USC.
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