A primer on newborn screening.

Metabolic disorders are individually rare, but when considered together as a disease entity are relatively frequent, occurring in 1 in 1000 to 1 in 3000 infants. Some disorders can have devastating and irreversible outcomes if not diagnosed early and treated promptly. Newborn screening is a vital step in identifying infants with inborn metabolic disorders, hemoglobinopathies, infectious processes, and congenital endocrinopathies; the goal is early recognition and treatment. This article summarizes the critical aspects of newborn screening, comparing and contrasting current national screening practices, and identifying key considerations for clinical care, parental education, and support. To prevent morbidity and mortality, healthcare providers must understand the purpose and guidelines for newborn screening. Providers are also responsible for informing parents about the implications of newborn screening to improve awareness and understanding.