This report of concurrent granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (GPCP) and Mycobacterium xenopi pneumonia (MXIP) in a patient with advanced HIV disease 3-5 weeks after commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) fits the syndrome of HIV immune reconstitution/restoration disease (IRD). It may also be a unique window into the immunology of granulomatous inflammation.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1746867PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2003.012567DOI Listing

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