The paper describes the molecular genetic characteristics of M. tuberculosis (MT) strains isolated from 114 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the penitentiary system of the Arkhangelsk Region. The sensibility to the first-line antituberculous drugs was determined by the radiometric technique BACTEC; rpoB gene mutations were identified by Inno-Lipa, genotyping was made by the RFLPA assay and spoligotyping. The spread of MT of the genotype Beijing in the penitentiary system was found to be 76.3%. The high rate (79.8%) of the clustering pattern is indicative of active transmission of tuberculosis. The transmission of the Beijing genotype MBT strains was higher (96.6%) than that of other genetypes (25.9%). A multifactorial analysis has shown that streptomycin resistance is independently associated with the infection with the strain of MBT of the genotype Beijing (p = 0.02); the circulation and active transmission of Beijing among the population present a human health threat and an endemic risk from the spread of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.
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