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Toxicity detection from EILATox-Oregon Workshop samples by using kinetic photobacteria measurement: the Flash method.
J Appl Toxicol
January 2005
Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
The Flash test, which can be used to measure the toxicity from clear, turbid and coloured samples with identical protocol, was used in the EILATox-Oregon Workshop. During the workshop, 17 synthetic samples and three environmental samples were tested. In the Flash method the photobacteria Vibrio fischeri are initially dispensed on top of the sample and the light output of the bioluminescence reaction is recorded at a rate of several readings per second.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlind and naive classification of toxicity by fish chromatophores.
J Appl Toxicol
January 2005
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
Cellular and molecular pathways involved in the ability of animals to change color have been studied previously as biosensors and cytosensors of active and toxic agents, but such studies generally have been limited to just a few standardized agents. Here we describe the performance of cultured chromatophore pigment cells from the fin tissue of Siamese fighting fish as sensors of toxic agents under blind sampling conditions at the September 2002 EILATox-Oregon Workshop. Detection was accomplished by monitoring motor protein-mediated movements of cellular pigment in chromatophores at both the gross population level as well as in singly imaged cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEILATox-Oregon Biomonitoring Workshop: summary and observations.
J Appl Toxicol
January 2005
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
Detection of bioavailable heavy metals in EILATox-Oregon samples using whole-cell luminescent bacterial sensors in suspension or immobilized onto fibre-optic tips.
J Appl Toxicol
January 2005
Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
At the EILATox-Oregon Workshop, nine luminescent whole-cell bacterial sensors were used for the determination of bioavailable metals in blind samples (17 synthetic and 3 environmental). A non-inducible luminescent control strain was used to determine sample matrix effects and bacterial toxicity. Whole-cell bacterial sensors capable of determining arsenic, inorganic mercury and its organic derivatives, cadmium, lead or copper were used in suspensions and a bacterial sensor for the detection of inorganic mercury was immobilized onto fibre-optic tips using calcium alginate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponse characteristics of an aquatic biomonitor used for rapid toxicity detection.
J Appl Toxicol
January 2005
US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, 568 Doughten Drive, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5010, USA.
The response characteristics of an aquatic biomonitor that detects toxicity by monitoring changes in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) ventilatory and movement patterns were evaluated in single chemical laboratory studies at concentrations near the 96-h LC(50) concentration and at the EILATox-Oregon Workshop in sequential tests of multiple unknown samples. Baseline data collected prior to exposure allows each fish to serve as its own control. When at least 70% of exposed fish exhibit ventilatory or movement parameters significantly different from baseline observations, a group alarm is declared.
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