We estimate the cumulative occurrence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria, in a high-risk sample of young people in urban United States. The epidemiological sample (n = 2,311) was recruited in 1985-1986 at entry into first grade of a public school system of a large mid-Atlantic city. Participants were interviewed about history of trauma and PTSD in 2000-2002 when their mean age was 21 years (n = 1,698). We found that the lifetime occurrence of assaultive violence was 62.6% in males and 33.7% in females. The risk of assaultive violence in males (but not females) varied by childhood area of residence within the city; the occurrence of other traumas did not vary by area of childhood residence. Females had a higher risk of PTSD than males following assaultive violence (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval 2.0-8.3), but not following other traumas. A comparison of the results from this largely inner-city sample with the results from a recent study of a largely suburban sample in another region of the United States in which the same criteria and measures of trauma and PTSD were used suggested the possibility that males' risk for assaultive violence and females' risk for PTSD following exposure to assaultive violence might vary by characteristics of the social environment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jth138 | DOI Listing |
J Interpers Violence
December 2024
Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine, Bloomington, USA.
In the emergency department, physicians evaluate patients who have experienced nonfatal strangulation resulting from sexual assault or intimate partner violence. Given the prevalence and potential consequences of nonfatal strangulation injuries, physicians need confidence in their decision-making for these patients. Previous educational interventions effectively improved physician knowledge of sexual assault and intimate partner violence patients; however, no studies have been conducted with the goal of improving physician knowledge about nonfatal strangulation injuries in this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAggress Behav
January 2025
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Street fight videos on the internet may provide information about little known aspects of human physical aggression, but their reliability is unclear. Analyses of 100 dyadic fight videos addressing ethological, game theoretic and sex-differentiated questions derived from research on other animals found that prefight verbalizations or gestural signals of nonaggressive or aggressive intent loosely predicted who would strike first and who would win. The head is the preferred strike target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Community Health
December 2024
Department of Public Health Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
Firearm-related injuries remain a significant public health issue in the United States, with patterns and trends among various age groups not well characterized. This study analyzed time series trends and disparities in firearm injury rates among U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Res Policy Syst
December 2024
Ontario Network of Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Treatment Centres, 76 Grenville St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada.
Background: Transgender (trans) people experience high rates of sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) and seldom receive the care and supports they need post-victimization. However, there is little to no research that aids in the development or improvement of related interventions. We undertook a study to build a novel Canadian research agenda on SA/IPV against trans people to guide future work and address these profound gaps in knowledge.
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