The gyrification index (GI), the ratio of total to outer cortical contour, was applied to measure the cerebral folding patterns in autism. GI was examined on a frontal coronal slice obtained from MRI scans of 30 nonmentally retarded individuals with autism and 32 matched healthy controls. In the autistic group, left frontal GI was higher in children and adolescents but not in adults. Cortical folding was decreased bilaterally with age in the total autistic sample but not in controls. These preliminary findings suggest that the gyrification patterns in autism may be abnormal, which could be related to the various cortical anomalies observed in this disorder.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.06.001 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Role of data-driven regional growth model in shaping brain folding patterns.
Soft Matter
January 2025
School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
The surface morphology of the developing mammalian brain is crucial for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Computational modeling offers valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms for early brain folding. Recent findings indicate significant regional variations in brain tissue growth, while the role of these variations in cortical development remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Signaling in Hippocampal Neurons.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Department of Biophysics of Ion Channels, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle in cellular homeostasis, regulating calcium levels and coordinating protein synthesis and folding. In neurons, the ER forms interconnected sheets and tubules that facilitate the propagation of calcium-based signals. Calcium plays a central role in the modulation and regulation of numerous functions in excitable cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGABA/Glutamate Neuron Differentiation Imbalance and Increased AKT/mTOR Signaling in CNTNAP2 Cerebral Organoids.
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci
January 2025
Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, Ioannina, Greece.
Background: The polygenic nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires the identification of converging genetic pathways during early development to elucidate its complexity and varied manifestations.
Methods: We developed a human cerebral organoid model from induced pluripotent stem cells with targeted genome editing to abolish protein expression of the ASD risk gene.
Results: CNTNAP2 cerebral organoids displayed accelerated cell cycle, ventricular zone disorganization, and increased cortical folding.
Comparison and calibration of MP2RAGE quantitative T1 values to multi-TI inversion recovery T1 values.
Magn Reson Imaging
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
While typical qualitative T1-weighted magnetic resonance images reflect scanner and protocol differences, quantitative T1 mapping aims to measure T1 independent of these effects. Changes in T1 in the brain reflect structural changes in brain tissue. Magnetization-prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP2RAGE) is an acquisition protocol that allows for efficient T1 mapping with a much lower scan time per slab compared to multi-TI inversion recovery (IR) protocols.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman brain dynamics are shaped by rare long-range connections over and above cortical geometry.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Centre for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- A topological principle suggests that the physical structure of the brain (its anatomy) significantly influences its functional dynamics.
- Researchers found that while local connectivity patterns can explain much of brain function, they overlook the essential role of rare long-range cortical connections, which enhance information processing.
- By incorporating both local connections and these rare long-range connections into a combined model (EDR+LR), they showed that this approach more effectively captures the complexities of brain activity compared to traditional geometric representations.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!