The complex processing and integration of signals observed in neurons are facilitated by the diverse range of gating properties of the ion channels in this cell type, particularly the voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv). A distinctive combination of K+ channels endows neurons with a broad repertoire of excitable properties and allows each neuron to respond in a specific manner to a given input at a given time. The properties of many K+ channels can be modulated by second messenger pathways activated by neurotransmitters and other stimuli. K+ channels are among the most frequent targets of the actions of several signalling systems.

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