Elastically deformable 3D organs for haptic surgical simulation.

Stud Health Technol Inform

Department of Computer Science School of Science, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA.

Published: November 2004

This paper describes a technique for incorporating real-time elastically deformable 3D organs in haptic surgical simulators. Our system is a physically based particle model utilizing a mass-springs-damper connectivity with an implicit predictor to speed up calculations during each time step. The solution involves repeated application of Newton's 2ndd Law of motion: F = ma using an implicit solver for numerically solving the differential equations.

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