Spinal surgery procedure discretization.

In the last decades, scientists developed analytic models of spinal surgery to assess surgical choices and instrumentation parameters. They noted the difficulty to represent the boundary conditions on their deterministic models and recognize the lack of knowledge in surgical procedures. This paper presents a formalization technique applied to spinal surgery to improve the formulation of biomechanical models. This technique consisted into two steps: knowledge extraction and knowledge representation. The protocol was established with an expert surgeon using Colorado2 instrumentation. Surgeon's knowledge acquisition has permitted to define eleven detailed independent data cards for the different steps of surgery like hook or screw insertion, rod installation, etc... The behaviour of the concerned elements on its neighbouring entity were specified using three matrices. The link between surgery and modelling becomes easier and permits to better define the boundary conditions on each entity during the simulation.