It has been systematized modern data on the myocardial regeneration and the regulation of cardiac cell proliferation in mammals and man. It has been performed an analysis published works which indicate that cardiomyocyte division and DNA synthesis in myocardial cells increase in many times during different pathological conditions. It has been generalized and analyzed results of experimental and clinical researches on the participation of stem cells in the regeneration of the heart. It has been present literature data on the telomeres and telomerase in cardiomyocytes.
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