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A Y178C rhodopsin mutation causes aggregation and comparatively severe retinal degeneration.

Cell Death Discov

January 2025

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Rhodopsin is the light-activated G protein-coupled receptor that initiates vision in photoreceptor cells of the retina. Numerous mutations in rhodopsin promote receptor misfolding and aggregation, causing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive retinal degenerative disease. The mechanism by which these mutations cause photoreceptor cell death, and the role aggregation plays in this process is still unclear.

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Mutations in hnRNP A1 drive neurodegeneration and alternative RNA splicing of neuronal gene targets.

Neurobiol Dis

January 2025

Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X8, Canada. Electronic address:

RNA binding protein dysfunction is a pathogenic feature of multiple neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Neurodegeneration (the loss of, or damage to neurons and axons) is the primary driver of disease progression in MS. Herein, we utilized a novel, neuron-specific model of neurodegeneration by transducing primary mouse neurons with mutant forms of the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) identified from MS patients, including one within the M9-nuclear localization sequence of hnRNP A1 (A1(P275S)) and a second in the prion-like domain of hnRNP A1 (A1(F263S)) to test the hypothesis that neuronal hnRNP A1 dysfunction drives neurodegeneration in MS.

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Structural insights into the role of reduced cysteine residues in SOD1 amyloid filament formation.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

February 2025

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

The formation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) filaments has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the disulfide bond formed between Cys57 and Cys146 in the active state has been well studied, the role of the reduced cysteine residues, Cys6 and Cys111, in SOD1 filament formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of reduced cysteine residues by determining and comparing cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of wild-type (WT) and C6A/C111A SOD1 filaments under thiol-based reducing and metal-depriving conditions, starting with protein samples possessing enzymatic activity.

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Many applications of enzymes benefit from activity on structurally diverse substrates. Here, we sought to engineer the decarboxylative aldolase UstD to perform a challenging C-C bond forming reaction with ketone electrophiles. The parent enzyme had only low levels of activity, portending multiple rounds of directed evolution and a possibility that mutations may inadvertently increase the specificity of the enzyme for a single model screening substrate.

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Aerolysin Nanopore Electrochemistry.

Acc Chem Res

January 2025

Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

ConspectusIons are the crucial signaling components for living organisms. In cells, their transportation across pore-forming membrane proteins is vital for regulating physiological functions, such as generating ionic current signals in response to target molecule recognition. This ion transport is affected by confined interactions and local environments within the protein pore.

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