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Assessment of PPMV-1 Genotype VI Virulence in Pigeons and Chickens and Protective Effectiveness of Paramyxovirus Vaccines in Pigeons.
Viruses
October 2024
Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
Pigeon paramyxovirus serotype 1 (PPMV-1), an antigenic and host variant of avian paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV), primarily originating from racing pigeons, has become a global panzootic. Egypt uses both inactivated PPMV-1 and conventional NDV vaccines to protect pigeons from disease and mortality. However, the impact of prevalent strains and the effectiveness of available vaccines in pigeons in Egypt are unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is the only known coronavirus affecting pigs and is widespread; understanding its genetic traits is crucial for disease prevention and control.
- In a study conducted in Guangxi, China, 6,986 samples were collected from 2021 to 2024, revealing a 2.81% positivity rate, with higher rates in nasopharyngeal swabs than tissue samples.
- Genetic analysis showed significant homology among viral genes, indicating evolutionary diversity, with PHEV strains from Guangxi belonging to specific subgroups and demonstrating complex evolutionary paths since their emergence.
IFN-β contributes to astrocyte activation in the brain following coronavirus PHEV infection independent on peripheral immunity.
Vet Microbiol
November 2024
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. Electronic address:
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHE), caused by a betacoronavirus named porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), is a highly fatal disease of pigs characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis. Activation of astrocytes is a hallmark of viral encephalomyelitis; however, the mechanism of PHEV-induced astrocyte activation is currently unknown. Based on mouse model, we show that PHEV infection led to astrogliosis in mouse brain and brain slice cultures (BSCs), as indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDipeptidyl peptidase 4 interacts with porcine coronavirus PHEV spikes and mediates host range expansion.
J Virol
July 2024
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a neurotropic betacoronavirus, is prevalent in natural reservoir pigs and infects mice. This raises concerns about host jumping or spillover, but little is known about the cause of occurrence. Here, we revealed that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a candidate binding target of PHEV spikes and works as a broad barrier to overcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSusceptibility and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows Experimentally Inoculated with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus.
Avian Dis
March 2023
National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, 305-0856, Japan.
Wild-caught Eurasian tree sparrows () were experimentally inoculated with genotype VII velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) APMV1/chicken/Japan/Fukuoka-1/2004 to investigate the susceptibility and pathogenesis of infected sparrows. Intranasal inoculation of two groups with high or low doses of the virus resulted in the mortality of some birds in both groups on days 7-15 postinoculation. Neurologic signs, ruffled feathers, labored breathing, emaciation, diarrhea, depression, and ataxia were observed in a few birds that eventually succumbed to death.
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