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Patterns of Cerebellar-Cortical Structural Covariance Mirror Anatomical Connectivity of Sensorimotor and Cognitive Networks.
Hum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The cortex and cerebellum are densely connected through reciprocal input/output projections that form segregated circuits. These circuits are shown to differentially connect anterior lobules of the cerebellum to sensorimotor regions, and lobules Crus I and II to prefrontal regions. This differential connectivity pattern leads to the hypothesis that individual differences in structure should be related, especially for connected regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of rTMS and iTBS on Cerebral Hemodynamics and Swallowing in Unilateral Stroke: Insights from fNIRS.
Med Sci Monit
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
BACKGROUND Swallowing is a complex behavior involving the musculoskeletal system and higher-order brain functions. We investigated the effects of different modalities of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the unaffected hemisphere and observed correlation between suprahyoid muscle activity and cortical activation in unilateral stroke patients when swallowing saliva, based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). MATERIAL AND METHODS From November 2022 to March 2023, twenty-five patients with unilateral stroke were screened using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and identified via a video fluoroscopic swallow study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering Consciousness: The Role of Corticothalamocortical Interactions in General Anesthesia.
Pharmacol Res
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:
General anesthesia is administered to millions of individuals each year, however, the precise mechanism by which it induces unconsciousness remains unclear. While some theories suggest that anesthesia shares similarities with natural sleep, targeting sleep-promoting areas and inhibiting arousal nuclei, recent research indicates a more complex process. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of corticothalamocortical circuits, which are involved in higher cognitive functions, in controlling arousal states and modulating transitions between different conscious states during anesthesia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroanatomical Variability and Substance Use Initiation in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri.
Importance: The extent to which neuroanatomical variability associated with early substance involvement, which is associated with subsequent risk for substance use disorder development, reflects preexisting risk and/or consequences of substance exposure remains poorly understood.
Objective: To examine neuroanatomical features associated with early substance use initiation and to what extent associations may reflect preexisting vulnerability.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Cohort study using data from baseline through 3-year follow-up assessments of the ongoing longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
Biomarkers.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Background: Many proposed clinical decision support systems (CDSS) require multiple disparate data elements as input, which makes implementation difficult, and furthermore have a black-box nature leading to low interpretability. Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) is an established modality for the diagnosis of dementia, and a CDSS that uses only an FDG-PET image to produce a reliable and understandable result would ease both of these challenges to clinical application.
Method: A deep variational autoencoder (VAE) was used to extract a latent representation of each image through prior training from FDG-PET brain images (n=2000).
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