Recent studies in experimental animals and humans have shown that the mucosal immune system, which is characterized by secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies as the major humoral defence factor, contains specialized lymphoid tissues where antigens are encountered from the environment, are taken up and induce B- and T-cell responses. This event is followed by an exodus of specific lymphocytes, which home to various effector sites such as the lamina propria regions and glands. These responses are regulated by T cells and cytokines and lead to plasma cell differentiation and subsequent production of S-IgA antibodies in external secretions. This knowledge has led to practical approaches for vaccine construction and delivery into mucosal inductive sites in an effort to elicit host protection at mucosal surfaces where the infection actually occurs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(92)90021-b | DOI Listing |
Nat Microbiol
January 2025
State key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
Generating effective live vaccines from intact viruses remains challenging owing to considerations of safety and immunogenicity. Approaches that can be applied in a systematic manner are needed. Here we created a library of live attenuated influenza vaccines by using diverse cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to generate proteolysis-targeting (PROTAR) influenza A viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
Dysregulation at the intestinal epithelial barrier is a driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the molecular mechanisms of barrier failure are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate dysregulated mitochondrial fusion in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of patients with IBD and show that impaired fusion is sufficient to drive chronic intestinal inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Dermatol Res
January 2025
Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Lichen planus is a chronic skin lesion characterized by pruritic violaceous papules, which has a high risk of morbidity. Skin microbiota plays an important role in the maintenance of cutaneous mucosal barrier and human health and immune homeostasis. Studies have shown that skin microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus, but it is not yet clear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFASEB J
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by severe liver inflammation and fibrosis due to an imbalanced immune response caused by enhanced bacterial components. The progression of MASH is closely linked to increased permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier facilitating enter of bacterial components into hepatic portal venous system. B cells are important immune cells for adaptive responses and enhance hepatic inflammation through cytokine production and T cell activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut Microbes
December 2025
School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD), the pathogenesis of which is uncertain but includes genetic susceptibility factors, immune-mediated tissue injury and environmental influences, most of which appear to act via the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that host-microbe alterations could be used to prognostically stratify patients experiencing relapses up to four years after endoscopy. We therefore examined multiple omics data, including published and new datasets, generated from paired inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal biopsies from 142 patients with IBD (54 CD; 88 UC) and from 34 control (non-diseased) biopsies.
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