In the blood serum of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) patients the detection rate and concentration of circulating immune complexes, as well as the content of serum IgA, IgM and IgG, were evaluated. The formation of immune complexes was found to depend on IgM and IgG specific antibodies to TBE virus, the period of the disease and the clinical form of virus infection.
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Cell Rep
January 2025
Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. Electronic address:
Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) cleaves terminal sialic acids from sialoglycoproteins in endolysosomes and at the plasma membrane. As such, NEU1 regulates immune cells, primarily those of the monocytic lineage. Here, we examine how Neu1 influences microglia by modulating the sialylation of full-length Trem2 (Trem2-FL), a multifunctional receptor that regulates microglial survival, phagocytosis, and cytokine production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrass 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Type III clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems (type III CRISPR-Cas systems) use guide RNAs to recognize RNA transcripts of foreign genetic elements, which triggers the generation of cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers by the Cas10 subunit of the type III effector complex. In turn, cOAs bind and activate ancillary effector proteins to reinforce the host immune response. Type III systems utilize distinct cOAs, including cyclic tri- (cA3), tetra- (cA4) and hexa-adenylates (cA6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNarra J
December 2024
Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
A worldwide issue, vitamin D deficiency affects pregnant mothers and babies everywhere, including Indonesia. It involves the adaptive immune system by controlling the production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the balance between humoral (Th2) and cell-mediated (Th1) immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in infants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiscov Oncol
January 2025
Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23, Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
Cancer vaccines are promising as an effective means of stimulating the immune system to clear tumors as well as to establish immune surveillance. In this paper, we discuss the main platforms and current status of cancer vaccines and propose a new cancer vaccine platform, the cytosolic vesicle vaccine. This vaccine has a unique structure that can integrate antigen and adjuvant carriers to improve the delivery efficiency and immune activation ability, which brings new ideas for cancer vaccine design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFASEB J
January 2025
Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
The correct synthesis and degradation of proteins are vital for numerous biological processes in the human body, with protein degradation primarily facilitated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase, a member of the Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) family, plays a crucial role in mediating protein ubiquitination and subsequent 26S proteasome degradation during normal cellular metabolism. Notably, SCF is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including malignant tumors.
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