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Development and validation of a risk prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus in women of advanced maternal age during the first trimester.
FASEB J
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
With the global rise in advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies, the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases. However, few GDM prediction models are tailored for AMA women. This study aims to develop a practical risk prediction model for GDM in AMA women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Research advances in maturity-onset diabetes of the young].
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi
January 2025
Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710003, China.
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a special type of diabetes characterized by clinical features including early onset of diabetes (before 30 years of age), autosomal dominant inheritance, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, and hyperglycemia. So far, 14 types of MODY have been reported, accounting for about 1%-5% of the patients with diabetes. MODY often presents with an insidious onset, and although 14 subtypes have been identified for MODY, it is frequently misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes due to overlapping clinical features and high costs and limitations of genetic testing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReturning genetic risk information for hereditary cancers to participants in a population-based cohort study in Japan.
J Hum Genet
January 2025
Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
Large-scale population cohort studies that collect genomic information are tasked with returning an assessment of genetic risk for hereditary cancers to participants. While several studies have applied to return identified genetic risks to participants, comprehensive surveys of participants' understanding, feelings, and behaviors toward cancer risk remain to be conducted. Here, we report our experience and surveys of returning genetic risks to 100 carriers of pathogenic variants for hereditary cancers identified through whole genome sequencing of 50 000 individuals from the Tohoku Medical Megabank project, a population cohort study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnveiling emerging polycyclic aromatic compounds in the urban atmospheric particulate matter.
Environ Int
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Despite the ubiquity and complexity of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), many of these compounds are largely unknown and lack sufficient toxicity data for comprehensive risk assessments. In this study, nontarget screening assisted by in-house and self-developed spectra databases was, therefore, employed to identify PACs in atmospheric particulate matter collected from multiple outdoor settings. Additionally, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties were evaluated to indicate PAC's overall abilities to cause adverse outcomes and incorporated into a novel health risk assessment model to assess their inhalation risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting Oestrogen Receptor Signalling in Breast Cancer Therapy.
Adv Exp Med Biol
January 2025
Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
There has been over 130 years of research into the treatment of breast cancer using approaches that target oestrogen receptor signalling. Here, we summarise the development of the key pillars of such endocrine therapy, namely, oestrogen deprivation, achieved through ovarian suppression and/or aromatase inhibition, and oestrogen receptor blockade, through selective oestrogen receptor modulators, downregulators and novel compounds entering early phase development. The translation of these compounds from advanced to early breast cancer settings is discussed with a focus on the placebo-controlled breast cancer prevention studies to most accurately describe the side effect profiles of the main approaches.
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