The present study demonstrates that ipratropium bromide significantly reduces normal resting nasal secretion (p less than 0.05) and also significantly reduces exercise induced rhinorrhoea compared with a placebo (p less than 0.01). It also demonstrates that there may be another non-parasympathetic cause for the increase in nasal secretion with exercise.
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January 2025
Noselab GmbH, Widenmayerstr. 27, 80538 Munich, Germany.
Background: Diagnostics for neurodegenerative diseases lack non-invasive approaches suitable for early-stage biochemical screening and routine examination of neuropathology. Biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases pass through the brain-nose interface (BNI) and accumulate in nasal secretion. Sample collection from the brain-nose interface presents a compelling prospect as basis for a non-invasive molecular diagnosis of neuropathologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammation
January 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University College of Medicine, 201 Manghyang-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
During nasal polyp (NP) development, activated T cells differentiate into T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Additionally, regulatory T cells (Tregs) that have an immune suppressive function are involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP (CRSwNP). Tregs can act as effector cells that produce inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-17A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Life Sci
January 2025
ENT Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Organoid is an ideal in vitro model with cellular heterogeneity and genetic stability when passaging. Currently, organoids are exploited as new tools in a variety of preclinical researches and applications for disease modeling, drug screening, host-microbial interactions, and regenerative therapy. Advances have been made in the establishment of nasal and olfactory epithelium organoids that are used to investigate the pathogenesis of smell-related diseases and cellular/molecular mechanism underlying the regeneration of olfactory epithelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
UNAM, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, CDMX, DF, Mexico.
Background: Longitudinal population-based studies have consistently revealed an expedited cognitive decline in the elderly population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Additionally, there is a documented increased risk of developing vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in individuals with DM2. Conversely, recent research has pointed to metformin (MET), a widely prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), potentially mitigating age-related cognitive dysfunction (Madhu et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Whereas the intranasally delivered influenza vaccines used in children affect transmission of influenza virus in the community as well as reducing illness, inactivated influenza vaccines administered by intramuscular injection do not prevent transmission and have a variable, sometimes low rate of vaccine effectiveness. Although mucosally administered vaccines have the potential to induce more protective immune response at the site of viral infection, quantitating such immune responses in large scale clinical trials and developing correlates of protection is challenging. Here we show that by using mathematical models immune responses measured in the blood after delivery of vaccine to the lungs by aerosol can predict immune responses in the respiratory tract in pigs.
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