6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a widely used neural toxin in the pathogenesis research of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this work, we have studied the effect of ethanol on the toxicity of 6-OHDA on PC12 cell and SK-N-SH cell. Ethanol alone had little toxicity to these cells. However, if using 40 microM 6-OHDA along with 400 mM ethanol on PC12 cell or SK-N-SH cell for 24h, there was much more cell loss than using 40 microM 6-OHDA alone when detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazal-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay or flow cytometric assay. The toxicity of 6-OHDA was enhanced only if using at least 200 mM ethanol, and the cell loss was increased with the increase of ethanol concentration. We had also found that ethanol could enhance the toxicity of 6-OHDA only when using ethanol and 6-OHDA at the same time, ethanol treatment either before or after 6-OHDA treatment did not show such effect. This effect of ethanol suggests that ethanol may contribute to the degeneration of dopaminergic cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.06.016 | DOI Listing |
Int J Nanomedicine
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactor-induced neurodegenerative disease with high incidence in the elderly population. We found for the first time that the combination of dopamine (DA) and 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) has great potential for the synergistic treatment of PD. To further improve the therapeutic performance of the drugs, a brain-targeting liposomal co-delivery system encapsulating NBP and DA ((NBP+DA)-Lips-RVG29) was designed using a rabies virus polypeptide with 29 amino acids (RVG29) as the targeting ligand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neural Circuits
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.
Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly characterized by severe dopamine (DA) depletion within the substantia nigra (SN) leading to a myriad of motor and non-motor symptoms. One underappreciated and prevalent non-motor symptom, Parkinson's disease-associated psychosis (PDAP), significantly erodes patient and caregiver quality of life yet remains vastly understudied. While the gold standard pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms Levodopa (LD) is initially highly effective, it can lead to motor fluctuations like LD-induced dyskinesia (LID) and non-motor fluctuations such as intermittent PDAP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotoxicology
January 2025
Department of Biology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address:
Brain Res Bull
December 2024
Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China. Electronic address:
Although the output of the lateral habenula (LHb) controls the activity of midbrain dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) containing systems, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety, it is not clear how activation and blockade of LHb D receptors affects anxiety-like behaviors, particularly in Parkinson's disease related anxiety. In this study, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in rats induced anxiety-like behaviors, which attribute to hyperactivity of LHb neurons and decrease in the level of DA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and ventral hippocampus (vHip) compared to sham-operated rats. Intra-LHb injection of D receptor agonist A412997 induced or increased the expression of anxiety-like behaviors, while injection of D receptor antagonist L741742 showed anxiolytic effects in sham-operated and the SNc-lesioned rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci Methods
February 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States. Electronic address:
Background: Physical exercise has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties in neurological disease, particularly Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the established techniques for exercise in mice are not well suited to motor-deficient disease-model animals, rely on spontaneous activity or force exercise with aversive stimuli, and do not facilitate active measurement of neurophysiology with tethered assays. Motorized wheel exercise may overcome these limitations, but has not been shown to reliably induce running in mice.
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