Squamous cell cancer of the vulva with occult lymph node metastases in the groin: the impact of surgical technique on recurrence pattern and survival.

Objective: The triple incision technique is an established surgical method of management for early vulvar cancer. There is only limited data available on the efficacy of this form of treatment for patients with occult inguinofemoral lymph node metastases. It was the objective of this study to obtain more insight into the efficacy of this treatment compared with the en bloc resection, when utilized in surgical pathological advanced disease.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed in patients with vulvar cancer in the presence of occult inguinofemoral lymph node metastases. Tumor diameter, extracapsular nodal spread, FIGO stage, number of positive lymph nodes, and type of treatment were analyzed in relation to recurrence pattern and survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: There was no significant impact of surgical technique on disease-specific and overall survival. When corrected for other prognostic variables in a multivariate analysis, the type of surgical treatment was an independent predictor for vulvar recurrence (HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.44, P = 0.002) but not for inguinal/pelvic recurrence.

Conclusion: The type of surgical technique did not influence disease-specific and overall survival in patients with occult inguinofemoral lymph node metastases. The triple incision technique is an independent poor prognostic variable for vulvar recurrence.