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A patent review of xanthine oxidase inhibitors (2021-present).
Expert Opin Ther Pat
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
Introduction: Xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the oxidation of both hypoxanthine and xanthine in the last two steps of the purine metabolic pathway, serving as a rate-limiting enzyme for uric acid production as well as a key target for the treatment of gout and other hyperuricemia-related conditions.
Areas Covered: This paper reviews XO inhibitors in patents from 2021 to the present. We summarize in detail the structural classes and characteristics, in vitro and in vivo biological results, and structure‒activity relationships of synthetic inhibitors, as well as the sources, specific structures, research methods, and biological activities of XO inhibitors from natural products.
Property Tuning in N-Methylpyrrole Azo-Photoswitches via Modification of the Peripheral Substituents.
Chemistry
December 2024
University of Pardubice: Univerzita Pardubice, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, CZECHIA.
Differently substituted pyrrole-azo‑benzene molecular photoswitches were prepared in a straightforward synthetic way. Their fundamental properties were investigated by XRD analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, cyclic voltammetry, UV‑Vis absorption spectroscopy, Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering, and NMR spectroscopy; the experimental results were further corroborated by DFT calculations. Thermal robustness, the HOMO/LUMO levels, and the absorption properties were altered mostly by substituting the N‑methylpyrrole moiety and further fine-tuned by modifying the benzene substituents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDisease Progression Mathematical Modeling With a Case Study on Hepatitis B Virus Infection.
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Chronic Hepatitis B presents a significant health and socioeconomic burden. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma remains elevated although treatments are available. Achieving an optimal treatment regimen necessitates a deep comprehension of the dynamic relationship between the virus and its host across disease states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of PD-1 + Treg/PD-1 + CD8 ratio and tertiary lymphoid structures with prognosis and response in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving preoperative treatment.
J Transl Med
December 2024
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Background: Recent studies have highlighted the distinct ratio of PD-1 + Treg/PD-1 + CD8 for prognosis prediction. However, it remains unclear about the association of this ratio and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) with prognosis and response to neoadjuvant or conversion therapy in advanced gastric cancer.
Methods: Firstly, fresh postoperative samples from 68 gastric cancer patients in Renji Hospital were collected.
Understanding the triacylglycerol-based carbon anabolic differentiation in Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus developing tubers via transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches.
BMC Plant Biol
December 2024
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Background: Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus, known as 'YouShaDou' in China, YSD) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus, known as 'XiangFuZi' in China, XFZ), closely related Cyperaceae species, exhibit significant differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation within their tubers, a key factor in carbon flux repartitioning that highly impact the total lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. Previous studies have attempted to elucidate the carbon anabolic discrepancies between these two species, however, a lack of comprehensive genome-wide annotation has hindered a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Results: This study utilizes transcriptomic analyses, supported by a comprehensive YSD reference genome, and metabolomic profiling to uncover the mechanisms underlying the major carbon perturbations between the developing tubers of YSD and XFZ germplasms harvested in Yunnan province, China, where the plant biodiveristy is renowned worldwide and may contain more genetic variations relative to their counterparts in other places.
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