Five years after the initial observations implicating the T helper (Th)-cell dichotomy (Th1/Th2) as the focal point in the immunoregulation of murine infection with Leishmania major, investigation has shifted to the factors that govern the differentiation of a specific immune response from its pre-immune of undifferentiated state. In this article, Steven Reiner focuses on the most recent advances concerning the lineage commitment of mature Th-cell populations, showing how new techniques [such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and transgenic mice] have allowed for a more-careful dissection of the early evolution of an immune response.
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Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
SARS-CoV-2 is an oral pathogen that infects and replicates in mucosal and salivary epithelial cells, contributing to oral post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC) and other oral and non-oral pathologies. While pre-existing inflammatory oral diseases provides a conducive environment for the virus, acute infection and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 can also results in oral microbiome dysbiosis that further worsens poor oral mucosal health. Indeed, oral PASC includes periodontal diseases, dysgeusia, xerostomia, pharyngitis, oral keratoses, and pulpitis suggesting significant bacterial contributions to SARS-CoV-2 and oral tissue tropism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[On your marks, get set, go for the 20th edition of J2R 2024 in Paris!].
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Trop Med Int Health
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In situ global mapping of protein perturbations via protein abundance and conformation analysis.
Anal Chim Acta
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State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Dadao, Nanjing, 211198, China. Electronic address:
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